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Show the running kernel and installed kernels

harmlessSystem and hardwaredebian, ubuntu
user@server
uname -r && dpkg --list 'linux-image-[0-9]*' | awk '/^ii/ {print $2, $3}'

The first line is the currently running kernel, followed by all installed kernel packages with their versions. If a newer package is installed than the running kernel, the server has not been rebooted since the update. Many old kernels suggest that apt autoremove has not run in a long time.

Note: On servers with a provider kernel (such as some VPS with OpenVZ), the running kernel does not appear in the package list.

Also searched as

  • which kernel version is running
  • list installed kernels
  • is the new kernel running yet

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Change swappiness at runtime

#sysctl vm.swappiness=10
cautionSystem and hardware

Show hardware errors and warnings in the kernel log

#dmesg -T --level=err,warn
harmlessSystem and hardware

Show operating system, kernel and hardware at a glance

$hostnamectl
harmlessSystem and hardware

Check whether a reboot is required after updates

$if [ -f /var/run/reboot-required ]; then cat /var/run/reboot-required.pkgs; else echo "Kein Neustart vermerkt"; fi
harmlessDebian and APT

Detect modified files of installed packages

#dpkg --verify
harmlessSecurity

Find which installed package a file belongs to

$dpkg -S /usr/bin/curl
harmlessDebian and APT

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