System and hardware

What is inside the server and how is it doing? Kernel and distribution, CPU, memory, disk health via SMART, temperatures, uptime and hardware errors in the kernel log.

20 one-liners: 19 harmless, 1 caution, 0 destructive

hardware 6 disk 5 kernel 4 smart 3 smartctl 3 dmidecode 3 swap 2 swappiness 2 mdadm 2 raid 2 ram 2

Change swappiness at runtime

#sysctl vm.swappiness=10

Check health and wear of an NVMe SSD

#nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0

Check system time, time zone and NTP sync

Check the SMART health status of a disk

#smartctl -H /dev/sda

Detect whether the server is virtual or a container

$systemd-detect-virt

Show BIOS or UEFI version and date

#dmidecode -s bios-vendor && dmidecode -s bios-version && dmidecode -s bios-release-date

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Show CPU and hardware temperatures

Show CPU model, cores and threads

$LC_ALL=C lscpu | grep -E '^\s*(Model name|CPU\(s\)|Thread\(s\) per core|Core\(s\) per socket|Socket\(s\)|Virtualization|Hypervisor vendor|L3)'

Show details of a software RAID array

#mdadm --detail /dev/md0

Show hardware errors and warnings in the kernel log

#dmesg -T --level=err,warn

Show installed RAM modules and free slots

#dmidecode -t memory | grep -E '^\s+(Size|Type|Speed|Locator|Manufacturer|Part Number):'

Show memory, swap areas and swappiness

$free -h && swapon --show && cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

Show network, RAID and storage controllers with driver

$lspci -k | grep -A3 -iE 'ethernet|raid|sata|sas|nvme|non-volatile'

Show operating system, kernel and hardware at a glance

Show server manufacturer, model and serial number

#dmidecode -s system-manufacturer && dmidecode -s system-product-name && dmidecode -s system-serial-number

Show SMART attributes of a disk

#smartctl -A /dev/sda

Show software RAID (mdadm) status

$cat /proc/mdstat

Show the running kernel and installed kernels

$uname -r && dpkg --list 'linux-image-[0-9]*' | awk '/^ii/ {print $2, $3}'

Show uptime and recent reboots

$uptime -p && last reboot | head -n 10

Start a SMART short self-test on a disk

#smartctl -t short /dev/sda